ʻO ka hana mua i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana optical ke koho ʻana i nā mea optical kūpono. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa (ka helu refractive, helu Abbe, transmittance, reflectivity), nā waiwai kino (paʻakikī, deformation, bubble content, Poisson's ratio), a me nā hiʻohiʻona wela (thermal expansion coefficient, pilina ma waena o ka refractive index a me ka mahana) o nā mea optical. nā mea ʻike maka o nā mea optical. Ka hana o nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻōnaehana. E hoʻolauna pōkole kēia ʻatikala i nā mea optical maʻamau a me ko lākou mau waiwai.
Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā mea Optical i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: Optical glass, optical crystal and Special optical materials.
01 Maka aniani
ʻO ke aniani ʻōpika he mea amorphous (glassy) ʻano mea ʻenehana hiki ke hoʻouna i ka mālamalama. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻolaha, ka pae a me ka ikaika o ka mālamalama e hele ana. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia e hana i nā ʻāpana optical e like me nā prisms, nā lens, nā aniani, nā puka makani a me nā kānana i nā mea hana a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana. ʻO ke aniani Optical he kiʻekiʻe ke aniani, ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ke kūlike kino i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana. Loaʻa iā ia nā kikoʻī kikoʻī a pololei. Ma ke kūlana paʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, paʻa ke aniani optical i ke ʻano amorphous o ke kūlana wai wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea kūpono, ʻo nā ʻano kino kino a me nā kemika o ke aniani, e like me ka refractive index, thermal expansion coefficient, paʻakikī, thermal conductivity, uila conductivity, elastic modulus, etc., ua like ia ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau, i kapa ʻia ʻo isotropy.
ʻO nā mea hana nui o ke aniani aniani ʻo Schott o Kelemānia, Corning o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Ohara o Iapana, a me Chengdu Guangming Glass (CDGM), etc.
Hōʻike hoʻohālikelike a me ke kiʻi hoʻopuehu
nā aniani ʻōniʻoniʻo refractive index curves
Nā ʻōkuhi hoʻouna
02. ʻO ke aniani aniani
ʻO ke aniani ʻōpika e pili ana i ka mea aniani i hoʻohana ʻia i ka media optical. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kristal optical, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā puka makani like ʻole, nā lens, a me nā prisms no nā noi ultraviolet a me infrared. E like me ka hana aniani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i hoʻokahi aniani a me ka polycrystalline. Loaʻa i nā mea aniani hoʻokahi ke kūpaʻa kristal kiʻekiʻe a me ka transmittance māmā, a me ka nalowale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kristal hoʻokahi i nā kristal optical.
Kūkākūkā: ʻO nā UV maʻamau a me nā mea aniani infrared: quartz (SiO2), calcium fluoride (CaF2), lithium fluoride (LiF), paʻakai pōhaku (NaCl), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), etc.
ʻO nā kristal polarizing: ʻO nā kristal polarizing maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia me ka calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), sodium nitrate (nitrate), etc.
Achromatic crystal: Hoʻohana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻopuehu kūikawā o ke aniani no ka hana ʻana i nā lens pahuhopu achromatic. No ka laʻana, hui pū ʻia ka calcium fluoride (CaF2) me ke aniani e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana achromatic, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka spherical aberration a me ke kiko lua.
Laser crystal: hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hana no nā lasers solid-state, e like me ka ruby, calcium fluoride, neodymium-doped yttrium alumina garnet crystal, etc.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea aniani i nā mea kūlohelohe a ulu ʻia. He kakaikahi loa nā kristal maoli, paʻakikī ke ulu me ke ʻano hana, kaupalena ʻia ka nui, a he kumu kūʻai. Manaʻo maʻamau i ka wā ʻaʻole lawa nā mea aniani, hiki ke hana i ka pahu kukui ʻike ʻole a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana semiconductor a me ka laser.
03 Mea ʻike maka kūikawā
a. aniani-seramika
ʻO Glass-ceramic kahi mea ʻike maka kūikawā ʻaʻole aniani a ʻaʻole aniani, akā ma kahi ma waena. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ke aniani-ceramic a me ke aniani optical maʻamau ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻano aniani. He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana aniani ma mua o ka ceramic. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka coefficient hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā crystals flat, nā lāʻau mika maʻamau, nā aniani nui, nā gyroscopes laser, etc.
Hiki i ka helu hoʻonui wela o nā mea optical microcrystalline ke hiki i 0.0 ± 0.2 × 10-7 / ℃ (0 ~ 50 ℃)
b. Silicon Carbide
ʻO ka Silicon carbide kahi mea hana seramika kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea optical. He ʻoʻoleʻa maikaʻi ka Silicon carbide, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa deformation coefficient, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, a me ka hopena hoʻemi nui. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui no nā aniani māmā nui a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka aerospace, lasers kiʻekiʻe, semiconductor a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻano o nā mea optical media. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻāpana nui o nā mea media optical, nā mea fiber optical, nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni optical, nā mea aniani wai, nā mea luminescent, etc. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana optical mai ka ʻenehana mea optical. Ke kakali nei mākou i ka holomua o koʻu ʻāina ʻenehana mea ʻike.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-05-2024
